Measuring food insecurity in Türkiye: validation of the four domain food insecurity scale (4D-FIS)

Memiç-İnan C., BAŞPINAR B., İmrol F.

Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, vol.21, no.1, pp.152-167, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 21 Issue: 1
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/19320248.2025.2609131
  • Journal Name: Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition
  • Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, EMBASE, Environment Index
  • Page Numbers: pp.152-167
  • Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis, Food insecurity, validity
  • Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The aim was to conduct the Turkish validity and reliability study of the Four-Domain Food Insecurity Scale (4D-FIS). In this cross-sectional study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the validity of the 4D-FIS scale. The 4D-FIS scale consists of four domains: quantitative, qualitative, psychological, and social. The Cronbach-α of the 4D-FIS scale was 0.84, indicating that the scale was reliable. CFA confirmed the four-factor structure of the 4D-FIS, with fit indices indicating good model fit. The Turkish 4D-FIS scale was found to be valid and reliable for evaluating food security in the quantitative, qualitative, psychological, and social domains.