Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Steam-Distilled Oil of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): Therapeutic Targeting Against Glaucoma, Oxidative Stress, Cholinergic Imbalance, and Diabetes

GÜLÇİN İ., Mutlu M., Bingol Z., Ozden E. M., Mirzaee Z., Goren A. C., ...More

Molecules, vol.30, no.16, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 30 Issue: 16
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.3390/molecules30163384
  • Journal Name: Molecules
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Communication Abstracts, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Metadex, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: GC/MS, LC-HRMS, Linum usitatissimum, metabolic disorders, radical scavenging
  • Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This investigation explored the chemical constituents and biological activities of the steam-distilled oil of L. usitatissimum (SDOLU), employing sophisticated techniques including LC-HRMS, GC-MS, and GC-FID. The analysis identified a diverse array of 17 phenolic compounds, with linoleoyl chloride (64.05%) and linoleic acid (10.39%) as the major fatty acid components. The SDOLU demonstrated remarkable antioxidant capacity, effectively neutralizing free radicals in both DPPH• (IC50: 19.80 μg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50: 57.75 μg/mL) scavenging assays, alongside robust electron-donating activity in reducing ability tests. Moreover, the SDOLU showed significant inhibition of key enzymes implicated in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, including α-amylase (IC50: 531.44 μg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 13.23 μg/mL), and carbonic anhydrase II (IC50: 281.02 μg/mL). Collectively, these results highlight the SDOLU as a valuable natural source of multifunctional bioactivities with potential applications in combating oxidative stress and enzyme-related global diseases. Further studies are warranted to validate its therapeutic efficacy and expand its industrial utilization.